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Nitric oxide and viral infection: Recent developments in antiviral therapies and
platforms
#MMPMID38620577
Garren MR
; Ashcraft M
; Qian Y
; Douglass M
; Brisbois EJ
; Handa H
Appl Mater Today
2021[Mar]; 22
(?): 100887
PMID38620577
show ga
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter of great significance to developing the
innate immune response to many bacterial and viral infections, while also
modulating vascular physiology. The generation of NO from the upregulation of
endogenous nitric oxide synthases serves as an efficacious method for inhibiting
viral replication in host defense and warrants investigation for the development
of antiviral therapeutics. With increased incidence of global pandemics
concerning several respiratory-based viral infections, it is necessary to develop
broad therapeutic platforms for inhibiting viral replication and enabling more
efficient host clearance, as well as to fabricate new materials for deterring
viral transmission from medical devices. Recent developments in creating
stabilized NO donor compounds and their incorporation into macromolecular
scaffolds and polymeric substrates has created a new paradigm for developing
NO-based therapeutics for long-term NO release in applications for bactericidal
and blood-contacting surfaces. Despite this abundance of research, there has been
little consideration of NO-releasing scaffolds and substrates for reducing
passive transmission of viral infections or for treating several respiratory
viral infections. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in
developing gaseous NO, NO prodrugs, and NO donor compounds for antiviral
therapies; discuss the limitations of NO as an antiviral agent; and outline
future prospects for guiding materials design of a next generation of
NO-releasing antiviral platforms.