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2021 ; 2
(1
): 79-95
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Genome recoding strategies to improve cellular properties: mechanisms and
advances
#MMPMID34377578
Singh T
; Yadav SK
; Vainstein A
; Kumar V
aBIOTECH
2021[]; 2
(1
): 79-95
PMID34377578
show ga
The genetic code, once believed to be universal and immutable, is now known to
contain many variations and is not quite universal. The basis for genome recoding
strategy is genetic code variation that can be harnessed to improve cellular
properties. Thus, genome recoding is a promising strategy for the enhancement of
genome flexibility, allowing for novel functions that are not commonly documented
in the organism in its natural environment. Here, the basic concept of genetic
code and associated mechanisms for the generation of genetic codon variants,
including biased codon usage, codon reassignment, and ambiguous decoding, are
extensively discussed. Knowledge of the concept of natural genetic code expansion
is also detailed. The generation of recoded organisms and associated mechanisms
with basic targeting components, including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA pairs,
elongation factor EF-Tu and ribosomes, are highlighted for a comprehensive
understanding of this concept. The research associated with the generation of
diverse recoded organisms is also discussed. The success of genome recoding in
diverse multicellular organisms offers a platform for expanding protein chemistry
at the biochemical level with non-canonical amino acids, genetically isolating
the synthetic organisms from the natural ones, and fighting viruses, including
SARS-CoV2, through the creation of attenuated viruses. In conclusion, genome
recoding can offer diverse applications for improving cellular properties in the
genome-recoded organisms.