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2020 ; 92
(16
): 10930-10934
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
The Utility of Native MS for Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Repurposed
Therapeutics in COVID-19: Heparin as a Disruptor of the SARS-CoV-2 Interaction
with Its Host Cell Receptor
#MMPMID32678978
Yang Y
; Du Y
; Kaltashov IA
Anal Chem
2020[Aug]; 92
(16
): 10930-10934
PMID32678978
show ga
The emergence and rapid proliferation of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
resulted in a global pandemic, with over 6,000,000 cases and nearly 400,000
deaths reported worldwide by the end of May 2020. A rush to find a cure prompted
re-evaluation of a range of existing therapeutics vis-à-vis their potential role
in treating COVID-19, placing a premium on analytical tools capable of supporting
such efforts. Native mass spectrometry (MS) has long been a tool of choice in
supporting the mechanistic studies of drug/therapeutic target interactions, but
its applications remain limited in the cases that involve systems with a high
level of structural heterogeneity. Both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein), a
critical element of the viral entry to the host cell, and ACE2, its docking site
on the host cell surface, are extensively glycosylated, making them challenging
targets for native MS. However, supplementing native MS with a gas-phase ion
manipulation technique (limited charge reduction) allows meaningful information
to be obtained on the noncovalent complexes formed by ACE2 and the
receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein. Using this technique in
combination with molecular modeling also allows the role of heparin in
destabilizing the ACE2/RBD association to be studied, providing critical
information for understanding the molecular mechanism of its interference with
the virus docking to the host cell receptor. Both short (pentasaccharide) and
relatively long (eicosasaccharide) heparin oligomers form 1:1 complexes with RBD,
indicating the presence of a single binding site. This association alters the
protein conformation (to maximize the contiguous patch of the positive charge on
the RBD surface), resulting in a notable decrease in its ability to associate
with ACE2. The destabilizing effect of heparin is more pronounced in the case of
the longer chains due to the electrostatic repulsion between the low-pI ACE2 and
the heparin segments not accommodated on the RBD surface. In addition to
providing important mechanistic information on attenuation of the ACE2/RBD
association by heparin, the study demonstrates the yet untapped potential of
native MS coupled to gas-phase ion chemistry as a means of facilitating rational
repurposing of the existing medicines for treating COVID-19.