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2020 ; 12
(4
): 841-851
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on
vegetable producers in India
#MMPMID32837650
Harris J
; Depenbusch L
; Pal AA
; Nair RM
; Ramasamy S
Food Secur
2020[]; 12
(4
): 841-851
PMID32837650
show ga
Disruption to food systems and impacts on livelihoods and diets have been brought
into sharp focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate effects of
this multi-layered shock on production, sales, prices, incomes and diets for
vegetable farmers in India as both producers and consumers of nutrient-dense
foods. We undertook a rapid telephone survey with 448 farmers in 4 states, in one
of the first studies to document the early impacts of the pandemic and policy
responses on farming households. We find that a majority of farmers report
negative impacts on production, sales, prices and incomes. Over 80% of farms
reported some decline in sales, and over 20% of farms reported devastating
declines (sold almost nothing). Price reductions were reported by over 80% of
farmers, and reductions by more than half for 50% of farmers. Similarly, farm
income reportedly dropped for 90% of farms, and by more than half for 60%. Of
surveyed households, 62% reported disruptions to their diets. A majority of farm
households reported reduced ability to access the most nutrient-dense foods.
Around 80% of households reported ability to protect their staple food
consumption, and the largest falls in consumption were in fruit and animal source
foods other than dairy, in around half of households. Reported vegetable
consumption fell in almost 30% of households, but vegetables were also the only
food group where consumption increased for some, in around 15% of households. Our
data suggest higher vulnerability of female farmers in terms of both livelihoods
and diet, and differential effects on smaller and larger farms, meaning different
farms may require different types of support in order to continue to function.
Farms reported diverse coping strategies to maintain sales, though often with
negative implications for reported incomes. The ability to consume one's own
produce may be somewhat protective of diets when other routes to food access
fail. The impacts of COVID-19 and subsequent policy responses on both livelihoods
and diets in horticultural households risk rolling back the impressive economic
and nutrition gains India has seen over the past decade. Food systems, and
particularly those making available the most nutrient-dense foods, must be
considered in ongoing and future government responses.