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2020 ; 4
(9
): 669-677
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English Wikipedia
Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem
syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre
observational study
#MMPMID32653054
Davies P
; Evans C
; Kanthimathinathan HK
; Lillie J
; Brierley J
; Waters G
; Johnson M
; Griffiths B
; du Pré P
; Mohammad Z
; Deep A
; Playfor S
; Singh D
; Inwald D
; Jardine M
; Ross O
; Shetty N
; Worrall M
; Sinha R
; Koul A
; Whittaker E
; Vyas H
; Scholefield BR
; Ramnarayan P
Lancet Child Adolesc Health
2020[Sep]; 4
(9
): 669-677
PMID32653054
show ga
BACKGROUND: In April, 2020, clinicians in the UK observed a cluster of children
with unexplained inflammation requiring admission to paediatric intensive care
units (PICUs). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, course,
management, and outcomes of patients admitted to PICUs with this condition, which
is now known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally
associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). METHODS: We did a multicentre observational
study of children (aged <18 years), admitted to PICUs in the UK between April 1
and May 10, 2020, fulfilling the case definition of PIMS-TS published by the
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. We analysed routinely collected,
de-identified data, including demographic details, presenting clinical features,
underlying comorbidities, laboratory markers, echocardiographic findings,
interventions, treatments, and outcomes; serology information was collected if
available. PICU admission rates of PIMS-TS were compared with historical trends
of PICU admissions for four similar inflammatory conditions (Kawasaki disease,
toxic shock syndrome, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and macrophage
activation syndrome). FINDINGS: 78 cases of PIMS-TS were reported by 21 of 23
PICUs in the UK. Historical data for similar inflammatory conditions showed a
mean of one (95% CI 0·85-1·22) admission per week, compared to an average of 14
admissions per week for PIMS-TS and a peak of 32 admissions per week during the
study period. The median age of patients was 11 years (IQR 8-14). Male patients
(52 [67%] of 78) and those from ethnic minority backgrounds (61 [78%] of 78) were
over-represented. Fever (78 [100%] patients), shock (68 [87%]), abdominal pain
(48 [62%]), vomiting (49 [63%]), and diarrhoea (50 [64%]) were common presenting
features. Longitudinal data over the first 4 days of admission showed a serial
reduction in C-reactive protein (from a median of 264 mg/L on day 1 to 96 mg/L on
day 4), D-dimer (4030 ?g/L to 1659 ?g/L), and ferritin (1042 ?g/L to 757 ?g/L),
whereas the lymphocyte count increased to more than 1·0?×?10(9) cells per L by
day 3 and troponin increased over the 4 days (from a median of 157 ng/mL to 358
ng/mL). 36 (46%) of 78 patients were invasively ventilated and 65 (83%) needed
vasoactive infusions; 57 (73%) received steroids, 59 (76%) received intravenous
immunoglobulin, and 17 (22%) received biologic therapies. 28 (36%) had evidence
of coronary artery abnormalities (18 aneurysms and ten echogenicity). Three
children needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and two children died.
INTERPRETATION: During the study period, the rate of PICU admissions for PIMS-TS
was at least 11-fold higher than historical trends for similar inflammatory
conditions. Clinical presentations and treatments varied. Coronary artery
aneurysms appear to be an important complication. Although immediate survival is
high, the long-term outcomes of children with PIMS-TS are unknown. FUNDING: None.