Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\32834398
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Appl+Energy
2020 ; 275
(ä): 115240
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Energy and environmental benefits and policy implications for private passenger
vehicles in an emerging metropolis of Southeast Asia - A case study of Metro
Manila
#MMPMID32834398
Rith M
; Fillone AM
; Biona JBMM
Appl Energy
2020[Oct]; 275
(ä): 115240
PMID32834398
show ga
An increase in private vehicle fleet and usage exacerbates the overuse of
petroleum products, air quality degradation, and public health risks, among other
drawbacks. This study investigated the energy and environmental benefits for
private passenger vehicles under various scenarios in Metro Manila, the
Philippines. The findings are informative to design policy implications for
energy and environmental benefits. The study applied the Gaussian copula-based
multinomial logit (MNL)-linear regression to develop the household vehicle
ownership and energy consumption model using the disaggregated data of 1,795
households collected in 2017. The simulated vehicle fleet and energy consumption
were then adopted to extrapolate energy demand, emissions, and public health
risks for a 2010-2050 horizon using the bottom-up approach. Under the baseline
scenario, the energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions will reach 5.45
million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and 16.93 million tonnes (Mt) in 2050,
respectively. The amounts of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur
dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(X)), particulate matter 10 (PM(10)) and
particulate matter 2.5 (PM(2.5)) emissions, and economic loss of health risks
will be 6,214 tonnes (t), 62,136 t, 536 t, 10,550 t, 1,348 t, 996 t, and 237
Million USD, respectively, under the baseline scenario in 2050. Improvement of
accessibility significantly reduces energy demand and CO(2) emissions.
Introduction of Euro 6 cars and Euro 4 buses and Public Utility Jeepneys
noticeably improves public health. The new tax schedules on gas and vehicle
maximize the tax revenue. The integration of all the mentioned alternatives can
achieve sustainable mobility and urbanization.