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A semantic network approach to measuring sentiment
#MMPMID32836468
Danowski JA
; Yan B
; Riopelle K
Qual Quant
2021[]; 55
(1
): 221-255
PMID32836468
show ga
Sentiment research is dominated by studies that assign texts to positive and
negative categories. This classification is often based on a bag-of-words
approach that counts the frequencies of sentiment terms from a predefined
vocabulary, ignoring the contexts for these words. We test an aspect-based
network analysis model that computes sentiment about an entity from the shortest
paths between the sentiment words and the target word across a corpus. Two
ground-truth datasets in which human annotators judged whether tweets were
positive or negative enabled testing the internal and external validity of the
automated network-based method, evaluating the extent to which this approach's
scoring corresponds to the annotations. We found that tweets annotated as
negative had an automated negativity score that was nearly twice as strong than
positivity, while positively annotated tweets were six times stronger in
positivity than negativity. To assess the predictive validity of the approach, we
analyzed sentiment associated with coronavirus coverage in television news from
January 1 to March 25, 2020. Support was found for the four hypotheses tested,
demonstrating the utility of the approach. H1: broadcast news expresses less
sentiment about coronavirus, panic, and social distancing than non-broadcast news
outlets. H2: there is a negative bias in the news across channels. H3: sentiment
increases are associated with an increased volume of news stories. H4: sentiment
is associated with uncertainty in news coverage of coronavirus over time. We also
found that as the type of channel moved from broadcast network news to 24-h
business, general, and foreign news sentiment increased for coronavirus, panic,
and social distancing.