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2021 ; 39
(10
): 3649-3661
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Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main
protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations
#MMPMID32396767
Sk MF
; Roy R
; Jonniya NA
; Poddar S
; Kar P
J Biomol Struct Dyn
2021[Jul]; 39
(10
): 3649-3661
PMID32396767
show ga
The recent outbreak of novel "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) has spread
rapidly worldwide, causing a global pandemic. In the present work, we have
elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely ?-ketoamide and
Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro) or 3CL(pro)) by using all-atom
molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We calculated the
total binding free energy (?G(bind)) of both inhibitors and further decomposed
?G(bind) into various forces governing the complex formation using the Molecular
Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. Our calculations
reveal that ?-ketoamide is more potent (?G(bind)= - 9.05?kcal/mol) compared to
Z31792168 (?G(bind)= - 3.25?kcal/mol) against COVID-19 3CL(pro). The increase in
?G(bind) for ?-ketoamide relative to Z31792168 arises due to an increase in the
favorable electrostatic and van der Waals interactions between the inhibitor and
3CL(pro). Further, we have identified important residues controlling the
3CL(pro)-ligand binding from per-residue based decomposition of the binding free
energy. Finally, we have compared ?G(bind) of these two inhibitors with the
anti-HIV retroviral drugs, such as lopinavir and darunavir. It is observed that
?-ketoamide is more potent compared to lopinavir and darunavir. In the case of
lopinavir, a decrease in van der Waals interactions is responsible for the lower
binding affinity compared to ?-ketoamide. On the other hand, in the case of
darunavir, a decrease in the favorable intermolecular electrostatic and van der
Waals interactions contributes to lower affinity compared to ?-ketoamide. Our
study might help in designing rational anti-coronaviral drugs targeting the
SARS-CoV-2 main protease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.