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2020 ; 740
(ä): 140005
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Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O(3)) and nitrogen
dioxide (NO(2)) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy
#MMPMID32559534
Zoran MA
; Savastru RS
; Savastru DM
; Tautan MN
Sci Total Environ
2020[Oct]; 740
(ä): 140005
PMID32559534
show ga
This paper investigates the correlation between the high level of coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 infection accelerated transmission and lethality, and surface air
pollution in Milan metropolitan area, Lombardy region in Italy. For January-April
2020 period, time series of daily average inhalable gaseous pollutants ozone
(O(3)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), together climate variables (air temperature,
relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation rate, atmospheric pressure field and
Planetary Boundary Layer) were analyzed. In spite of being considered primarily
transmitted by indoor bioaerosols droplets and infected surfaces or direct
human-to-human personal contacts, it seems that high levels of urban air
pollution, and climate conditions have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2
diffusion. Exhibited positive correlations of ambient ozone levels and negative
correlations of NO(2) with the increased rates of COVID-19 infections (Total
number, Daily New positive and Total Deaths cases), can be attributed to airborne
bioaerosols distribution. The results show positive correlation of daily averaged
O(3) with air temperature and inversely correlations with relative humidity and
precipitation rates. Viral genome contains distinctive features, including a
unique N-terminal fragment within the spike protein, which allows coronavirus
attachment on ambient air pollutants. At this moment it is not clear if through
airborne diffusion, in the presence of outdoor and indoor aerosols, this protein
"spike" of the new COVID-19 is involved in the infectious agent transmission from
a reservoir to a susceptible host during the highest nosocomial outbreak in some
agglomerated industrialized urban areas like Milan is. Also, in spite of
collected data for cold season (winter-early spring) period, when usually ozone
levels have lower values than in summer, the findings of this study support
possibility as O(3) can acts as a COVID-19 virus incubator. Being a novel
pandemic coronavirus version, it might be ongoing during summer conditions
associated with higher air temperatures, low relative humidity and precipitation
levels.