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2020 ; 131
(2
): 351-364
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Technologies to Optimize the Care of Severe COVID-19 Patients for Health Care
Providers Challenged by Limited Resources
#MMPMID32433248
Rubulotta F
; Soliman-Aboumarie H
; Filbey K
; Geldner G
; Kuck K
; Ganau M
; Hemmerling TM
Anesth Analg
2020[Aug]; 131
(2
): 351-364
PMID32433248
show ga
Health care systems are belligerently responding to the new coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
is a specific condition, whose distinctive features are severe hypoxemia
associated with (>50% of cases) normal respiratory system compliance. When a
patient requires intubation and invasive ventilation, the outcome is poor, and
the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) is usually 2 or 3 weeks. In
this article, the authors review several technological devices, which could
support health care providers at the bedside to optimize the care for COVID-19
patients who are sedated, paralyzed, and ventilated. Particular attention is
provided to the use of videolaryngoscopes (VL) because these can assist
anesthetists to perform a successful intubation outside the ICU while protecting
health care providers from this viral infection. Authors will also review
processed electroencephalographic (EEG) monitors which are used to better titrate
sedation and the train-of-four monitors which are utilized to better administer
neuromuscular blocking agents in the view of sparing limited pharmacological
resources. COVID-19 can rapidly exhaust human and technological resources too
within the ICU. This review features a series of technological advancements that
can significantly improve the care of patients requiring isolation. The working
conditions in isolation could cause gaps or barriers in communication, fatigue,
and poor documentation of provided care. The available technology has several
advantages including (a) facilitating appropriate paperless documentation and
communication between all health care givers working in isolation rooms or large
isolation areas; (b) testing patients and staff at the bedside using smart
point-of-care diagnostics (SPOCD) to confirm COVID-19 infection; (c) allowing
diagnostics and treatment at the bedside through point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)
and thromboelastography (TEG); (d) adapting the use of anesthetic machines and
the use of volatile anesthetics. Implementing technologies for safeguarding
health care providers as well as monitoring the limited pharmacological resources
are paramount. Only by leveraging new technologies, it will be possible to
sustain and support health care systems during the expected long course of this
pandemic.