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2020 ; 7
(ä): 247
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Growth Rate and Acceleration Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic Reveals the Effect
of Public Health Measures in Real Time
#MMPMID32574335
Utsunomiya YT
; Utsunomiya ATH
; Torrecilha RBP
; Paulan SC
; Milanesi M
; Garcia JF
Front Med (Lausanne)
2020[]; 7
(ä): 247
PMID32574335
show ga
Background: Ending the COVID-19 pandemic is arguably one of the most prominent
challenges in recent human history. Following closely the growth dynamics of the
disease is one of the pillars toward achieving that goal. Objective: We aimed at
developing a simple framework to facilitate the analysis of the growth rate
(cases/day) and growth acceleration (cases/day(2)) of COVID-19 cases in
real-time. Methods: The framework was built using the Moving Regression (MR)
technique and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The dynamics of the pandemic was
initially modeled via combinations of four different growth stages: lagging
(beginning of the outbreak), exponential (rapid growth), deceleration (growth
decay), and stationary (near zero growth). A fifth growth behavior, namely linear
growth (constant growth above zero), was further introduced to add more
flexibility to the framework. An R Shiny application was developed, which can be
accessed at https://theguarani.com.br/ or downloaded from
https://github.com/adamtaiti/SARS-CoV-2. The framework was applied to data from
the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), which comprised
3,722,128 cases reported worldwide as of May 8th 2020. Results: We found that the
impact of public health measures on the prevalence of COVID-19 could be perceived
in seemingly real-time by monitoring growth acceleration curves. Restriction to
human mobility produced detectable decline in growth acceleration within 1 week,
deceleration within ~2 weeks and near-stationary growth within ~6 weeks.
Countries exhibiting different permutations of the five growth stages indicated
that the evolution of COVID-19 prevalence is more complex and dynamic than
previously appreciated. Conclusions: These results corroborate that mass social
isolation is a highly effective measure against the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2,
as previously suggested. Apart from the analysis of prevalence partitioned by
country, the proposed framework is easily applicable to city, state, region and
arbitrary territory data, serving as an asset to monitor the local behavior of
COVID-19 cases.