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2020 ; 20
(6
): e142-e147
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gab.com Text
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From the micro to the macro to improve health: microorganism ecology and society
in teaching infectious disease epidemiology
#MMPMID32386611
Shahmanesh M
; Harling G
; Coltart CEM
; Bailey H
; King C
; Gibbs J
; Seeley J
; Phillips A
; Sabin CA
; Aldridge RW
; Sonnenberg P
; Hart G
; Rowson M
; Pillay D
; Johnson AM
; Abubakar I
; Field N
Lancet Infect Dis
2020[Jun]; 20
(6
): e142-e147
PMID32386611
show ga
Chronic and emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance remain a
substantial global health threat. Microbiota are increasingly recognised to play
an important role in health. Infections also have a profound effect beyond
health, especially on global and local economies. To maximise health
improvements, the field of infectious disease epidemiology needs to derive
learning from ecology and traditional epidemiology. New methodologies and tools
are transforming understanding of these systems, from a better understanding of
socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural drivers of infection, to improved
methods to detect microorganisms, describe the immunome, and understand the role
of human microbiota. However, exploiting the potential of novel methods to
improve global health remains elusive. We argue that to exploit these advances a
shift is required in the teaching of infectious disease epidemiology to ensure
that students are well versed in a breadth of disciplines, while maintaining core
epidemiological skills. We discuss the following key points using a series of
teaching vignettes: (1) integrated training in classic and novel techniques is
needed to develop future scientists and professionals who can work from the micro
(interactions between pathogens, their cohabiting microbiota, and the host at a
molecular and cellular level), with the meso (the affected communities), and to
the macro (wider contextual drivers of disease); (2) teach students to use a
team-science multidisciplinary approach to effectively integrate biological,
clinical, epidemiological, and social tools into public health; and (3) develop
the intellectual skills to critically engage with emerging technologies and
resolve evolving ethical dilemmas. Finally, students should appreciate that the
voices of communities affected by infection need to be kept at the heart of their
work.