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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Environ+Syst+Decis 2020 ; 40 (2): 287-97 Nephropedia Template TP
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Lessons from the past, policies for the future: resilience and sustainability in past crises #MMPMID32837816
Haldon J; Eisenberg M; Mordechai L; Izdebski A; White S
Environ Syst Decis 2020[]; 40 (2): 287-97 PMID32837816show ga
This article surveys some examples of the ways past societies have responded to environmental stressors such as famine, war, and pandemic. We show that people in the past did think about system recovery, but only on a sectoral scale. They did perceive challenges and respond appropriately, but within cultural constraints and resource limitations. Risk mitigation was generally limited in scope, localized, and again determined by cultural logic that may not necessarily have been aware of more than symptoms, rather than actual causes. We also show that risk-managing and risk-mitigating arrangements often favored the vested interests of elites rather than the population more widely, an issue policy makers today still face.