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2020 ; 22
(5
): e19370
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Analysis of Public Perception of the Israeli Government s Early Emergency
Instructions Regarding COVID-19: Online Survey Study
#MMPMID32392172
Gesser-Edelsburg A
; Cohen R
; Hijazi R
; Abed Elhadi Shahbari N
J Med Internet Res
2020[May]; 22
(5
): e19370
PMID32392172
show ga
BACKGROUND: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially
declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. This posed challenges
to many countries, prominent among which is communication with the public to gain
their cooperation. Israel faces different challenges from other countries in its
management of the COVID-19 crisis because it is in the midst of a deep
constitutional crisis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper was to examine the
response of the Israeli public to the government's emergency instructions
regarding the pandemic in terms of correlations between overall risk perception
and crisis management; overall risk perception and economic threat perception;
crisis management and compliance with behavioral guidelines; and crisis
management and economic threat perception. We also made comparisons between
crisis management and spokesperson credibility and between crisis management and
the credibility of information sources. METHODS: The sample was established using
an online survey that enabled rapid and effective distribution of an online
questionnaire during the COVID-19 crisis. The self-selection online survey method
of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit participants (N=1056) through
social network posts asking the general public (aged ?18 years) to answer the
survey. RESULTS: Participants aged ?65 years perceived higher personal risk
compared to those aged 18-30 years (mean difference 0.33, 95% CI 0.04-0.61) and
those aged 46-64 years (mean difference 0.38, 95% CI 0.12-0.64). Significant
correlations were found between overall risk perception and attitudes toward
crisis management (r=0.19, P<.001), overall risk perception and economic threat
perception (r=0.22, P<.001), attitudes toward crisis management and compliance
with behavioral guidelines (r=0.15, P<.001), and attitudes toward crisis
management and economic threat perception (r=-0.15, P<.001). Participants who
perceived that the prime minister was the most credible spokesperson evaluated
the crisis management significantly higher than all other groups. The crisis
management was evaluated significantly lower by participants who stated that
infectious disease specialists were the most credible spokespersons. Participants
for whom the Ministry of Health website was the most credible source of
information evaluated the crisis management higher than all other groups.
Participants for whom scientific articles were the most credible source of
information evaluated the crisis management lower than those who perceived that
the WHO/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites or Ministry of
Health/hospital websites and health care workers were the most credible.
CONCLUSIONS: The higher the public trust and evaluation of crisis management, the
greater the compliance of the public with guidelines. It was also found that
crisis management and information cannot be approached in the same way for the
overall public. Furthermore, unlike other epidemics, the COVID-19 crisis has
widespread economic and social consequences; therefore, it is impossible to focus
only on health risks without communicating economic and social risks as well.