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2020 ; 11
(ä): 939
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Pangolins Lack IFIH1/MDA5, a Cytoplasmic RNA Sensor That Initiates Innate Immune
Defense Upon Coronavirus Infection
#MMPMID32574256
Fischer H
; Tschachler E
; Eckhart L
Front Immunol
2020[]; 11
(ä): 939
PMID32574256
show ga
Zoonotic infections are an imminent threat to human health. Pangolins were
recently identified as carriers and intermediate hosts of coronaviruses. Previous
research has shown that infection with coronaviruses activates an innate immune
response upon sensing of viral RNA by interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1
(IFIH1), also known as MDA5. Here, we performed a comparative genomics study of
RNA sensor genes in three species of pangolins. DDX58/RIG-I, a sensor of
cytoplasmic viral RNA and toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7, and 8, which bind RNA
in endosomes, are conserved in pangolins. By contrast, IFIH1 a sensor of
intracellular double-stranded RNA, has been inactivated by mutations in
pangolins. Likewise, Z-DNA-binding protein (ZBP1), which senses both Z-DNA and
Z-RNA, has been lost during the evolution of pangolins. These results suggest
that the innate immune response to viruses differs significantly between
pangolins and other mammals, including humans. We put forward the hypothesis that
loss of IFIH1 and ZBP1 provided an evolutionary advantage by reducing
inflammation-induced damage to host tissues and thereby contributed to a switch
from resistance to tolerance of viral infections in pangolins.