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2020 ; 158
(ä): 104904
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The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines
(chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role
for iron homeostasis?
#MMPMID32430286
Quiros Roldan E
; Biasiotto G
; Magro P
; Zanella I
Pharmacol Res
2020[Aug]; 158
(ä): 104904
PMID32430286
show ga
The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic
hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for
their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been
proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral
effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory
syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all
over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in
COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in
COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which
are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen,
therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with
different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on
the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and
anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the
potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current
clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given
the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different
insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a
potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19
clinical course.
|Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Betacoronavirus/*drug effects
[MESH]
|COVID-19
[MESH]
|COVID-19 Drug Treatment
[MESH]
|Chloroquine/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
[MESH]