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2020 ; 52
(6
): 1039-1056.e9
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Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate
Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection
#MMPMID32392463
Bosteels C
; Neyt K
; Vanheerswynghels M
; van Helden MJ
; Sichien D
; Debeuf N
; De Prijck S
; Bosteels V
; Vandamme N
; Martens L
; Saeys Y
; Louagie E
; Lesage M
; Williams DL
; Tang SC
; Mayer JU
; Ronchese F
; Scott CL
; Hammad H
; Guilliams M
; Lambrecht BN
Immunity
2020[Jun]; 52
(6
): 1039-1056.e9
PMID32392463
show ga
The phenotypic and functional dichotomy between IRF8(+) type 1 and IRF4(+) type 2
conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s and cDC2s, respectively) is well accepted; it
is unknown how robust this dichotomy is under inflammatory conditions, when
additionally monocyte-derived cells (MCs) become competent antigen-presenting
cells (APCs). Using single-cell technologies in models of respiratory viral
infection, we found that lung cDC2s acquired expression of the Fc receptor CD64
shared with MCs and of IRF8 shared with cDC1s. These inflammatory cDC2s
(inf-cDC2s) were superior in inducing CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell polarization
while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8(+) T cells. When carefully
separated from inf-cDC2s, MCs lacked APC function. Inf-cDC2s matured in response
to cell-intrinsic Toll-like receptor and type 1 interferon receptor signaling,
upregulated an IRF8-dependent maturation module, and acquired antigens via
convalescent serum and Fc receptors. Because hybrid inf-cDC2s are easily confused
with monocyte-derived cells, their existence could explain why APC functions have
been attributed to MCs.