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2020 ; 48
(8
): 1129-1134
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Potential for Lung Recruitment and Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch in Patients
With the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Coronavirus Disease 2019
#MMPMID32697482
Mauri T
; Spinelli E
; Scotti E
; Colussi G
; Basile MC
; Crotti S
; Tubiolo D
; Tagliabue P
; Zanella A
; Grasselli G
; Pesenti A
Crit Care Med
2020[Aug]; 48
(8
): 1129-1134
PMID32697482
show ga
OBJECTIVES: Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 develop the acute
respiratory distress syndrome, requiring admission to the ICU. This study aimed
to describe specific pathophysiological characteristics of acute respiratory
distress syndrome from coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: Prospective crossover
physiologic study. SETTING: ICU of a university-affiliated hospital from northern
Italy dedicated to care of patients with confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus
disease 2019. PATIENTS: Ten intubated patients with acute respiratory distress
syndrome and confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. INTERVENTIONS: We
performed a two-step positive end-expiratory pressure trial with change of 10 cm
H2O in random order. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At each positive
end-expiratory pressure level, we assessed arterial blood gases, respiratory
mechanics, ventilation inhomogeneity, and potential for lung recruitment by
electrical impedance tomography. Potential for lung recruitment was assessed by
the recently described recruitment to inflation ratio. In a subgroup of seven
paralyzed patients, we also measured ventilation-perfusion mismatch at lower
positive end-expiratory pressure by electrical impedance tomography. At higher
positive end-expiratory pressure, respiratory mechanics did not change
significantly: compliance remained relatively high with low driving pressure.
Oxygenation and ventilation inhomogeneity improved but arterial CO2 increased
despite unchanged respiratory rate and tidal volume. The recruitment to inflation
ratio presented median value higher than previously reported in acute respiratory
distress syndrome patients but with large variability (median, 0.79 [0.53-1.08];
range, 0.16-1.40). The FIO2 needed to obtain viable oxygenation at lower positive
end-expiratory pressure was significantly correlated with the recruitment to
inflation ratio (r = 0.603; p = 0.05). The ventilation-perfusion mismatch was
elevated (median, 34% [32-45%] of lung units) and, in six out of seven patients,
ventilated nonperfused units represented a much larger proportion than perfused
nonventilated ones. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute respiratory distress
syndrome from coronavirus disease 2019, potential for lung recruitment presents
large variability, while elevated dead space fraction may be a specific
pathophysiological trait. These findings may guide selection of personalized
mechanical ventilation settings.