Infectious Diseases 2017[]; ä (ä): 938-947.e1 PMIDC7150158show ga
?The geography of many infections is dynamic.?Biological characteristics of organisms, human and animal host factors, and bioclimatic factors influence where diseases occur.?Diseases vary in their potential to be moved from one area to another. Those with a fixed focal distribution often require a specific arthropod vector or intermediate host ? or require special geoclimatic conditions.?The speed, volume and reach of travel and migration and trade have influenced the geography of infectious diseases and facilitate rapid changes in distributions.?The burden from diseases with a global distribution varies greatly from one population to another and is influenced by socioeconomic, demographic, bioclimatic, environmental, host genetics and other factors.?The urban population growth in tropical low- and middle-income regions places large, dense human populations with limited resources in geographic sites with high biodiversity and risk for many infections.?Alternative or unusual routes of transmission (e.g. organ or tissue transplantation) can lead to appearance of diseases outside of usual distributions.