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2018 ; 115
(30
): 7753-7758
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Anomalous diffusion, spatial coherence, and viscoelasticity from the energy
landscape of human chromosomes
#MMPMID29987017
Di Pierro M
; Potoyan DA
; Wolynes PG
; Onuchic JN
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2018[Jul]; 115
(30
): 7753-7758
PMID29987017
show ga
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is a nonequilibrium system where chromatin is
subjected to active processes that continuously rearrange it over the cell's life
cycle. Tracking the motion of chromosomal loci provides information about the
organization of the genome and the physical processes shaping that organization.
Optical experiments report that loci move with subdiffusive dynamics and that
there is spatially coherent motion of the chromatin. We recently showed that it
is possible to predict the 3D architecture of genomes through a physical model
for chromosomes that accounts for the biochemical interactions mediated by
proteins and regulated by epigenetic markers through a transferable energy
landscape. Here, we study the temporal dynamics generated by this
quasi-equilibrium energy landscape assuming Langevin dynamics at an effective
temperature. Using molecular dynamics simulations of two interacting human
chromosomes, we show that the very same interactions that account for genome
architecture naturally reproduce the spatial coherence, viscoelasticity, and the
subdiffusive behavior of the motion in interphase chromosomes as observed in
numerous experiments. The agreement between theory and experiments suggests that
even if active processes are involved, an effective quasi-equilibrium landscape
model can largely mimic their dynamical effects.