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2018 ; 3
(ä): 20
Nephropedia Template TP
Signal Transduct Target Ther
2018[]; 3
(ä): 20
PMID30057793
show ga
TAp73, the homologue of the tumour suppressor p53, has dual roles in
tumourigenesis: both as a tumour suppressor and as a promoter of tumour growth.
We have recently shown that hypoxia, a condition prevalent in tumours, results in
the stabilisation of TAp73 through a mechanism involving HIF-1?-mediated
repression of the E3 ligase Siah1. Elevated TAp73 in turn regulates the
angiogenic transcriptional programme, exemplified by vegf-A activation, thereby
promoting angiogenesis and tumour growth. To further understand hypoxia-mediated
TAp73 regulation, we have focused on the Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent
protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway induced by hypoxia. We show that
hypoxia-mediated AMPK activation is required for efficient TAp73 stabilisation,
through multiple means by using AMPK-deficient cells or inhibiting its activity
and expression. Conversely, direct AMPK activation using its activator AICAR is
also sufficient to induce TAp73 stabilisation but this is independent of putative
AMPK phosphorylation sites on TAp73, HIF-1? activation, and transcriptional
repression of Siah1. Furthermore, while vegf-A up-regulation upon hypoxia
requires AMPK, direct activation of AMPK by AICAR does not activate vegf-A.
Consistently, supernatant from cells exposed to hypoxia, but not AICAR, was able
to induce tube formation in HUVECs. These data therefore highlight that the
processes of TAp73 stabilisation and transcriptional activation of angiogenic
target genes by AMPK activation can be decoupled. Collectively, these results
suggest that the context of AMPK activation determines the effect on TAp73, and
proposes a model in which hypoxia-induced TAp73 stabilisation occurs by parallel
pathways converging to mediate its transactivation potential.