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Effect of decompressive laparotomy on organ function in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis #MMPMID30045753
Van Damme L; De Waele JJ
Crit Care 2018[]; 22 (ä): ä PMID30045753show ga
Background: Decompressive laparotomy has been advised as potential treatment for abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) when medical management fails; yet, the effect on parameters of organ function differs markedly in the published literature. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of decompressive laparotomy on intra-abdominal pressure and organ function in critically ill adult and pediatric patients with ACS, specifically focusing on hemodynamic, respiratory, and kidney function and outcome. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed. Articles reporting data on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), hemodynamic (mean arterial pressures [MAP], central venous pressure [CVP], cardiac index [CI], heart rate [HR], systemic vascular resistance index [SVRI] and/or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP]), respiratory (positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP], peak inspiratory pressure [PIP] and/or ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen [P/F ratio]), and/or urinary output (UO) following decompressive laparotomy were analyzed. Results: A total of 15 articles were included; 3 included children only (aged 18 years or younger). Of the 286 patients who were included, 49.7% had primary ACS. The baseline mean IAP in adults decreased with an average of 18.2?±?6.5 mmHg following decompression, from 31.7?±?6.4 mmHg to 13.5?±?3.0 mmHg. There was a decrease in HR (12.2?±?9.5 beats/min; p?=?0.04), CVP (4.6?±?2.3 mmHg; p?=?0.022), PCWP (5.8?±?2.3 mmHg; p?=?0.029), and PIP (10.1?±?3.9 cmH2O; p?0.001) and a mean increase in P/F ratio (70.4?±?49.4; p?0.001) and UO (95.3?±?105.3 ml/h; p?0.001). In children, there was a significant increase in MAP (20.0?±?2.3 mmHg; p?=?0.006), P/F ratio (238.2; p?0.001), and UO (2.88?±?0.64 ml/kg/h; p?0.001) and a decrease in CVP (7 mmHg; p?=?0.016) and PIP (9.9 cmH2O; p?=?0.002). The overall mortality rate was 49.7% in adults and 60.8% in children following decompressive laparotomy. Conclusions: Decompressive laparotomy resulted in a significantly lower IAP and had beneficial effects on hemodynamic, respiratory, and renal parameters. Mortality after decompressive laparotomy remains high in both adults and children. Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-2103-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.