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10.1186/s12914-018-0169-z http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12914-018-0169-z C6060455!6060455!30045729     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       BMC+Int+Health+Hum+Rights 2018 ; 18 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=30045729|t=2018. Shared latrines in Maputo, Mozambique: exploring emotional well-being and psychosocial stress |pdf=|usr=}}{{30045729}} gab.com Text Shared latrines in Maputo, Mozambique: exploring emotional well-being and psychosocial stress JO: BMC Int Health Hum Rights http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30045729 #FOAvip Background: Approximately 18% of Sub-Saharan Africa?s urban population relies on shared sanitation facilities, which are shared by one or more households. While there is growing recognition of sanitation?s relationship with stress and well-being ? particularly among women ? most research has focused on rural populations and the transition from open defecation and/or unimproved latrines to private shared sanitation. This study explores sanitation-related stressors among users of both improved and unimproved shared sanitation facilities. Methods: This study was nested within the larger MapSan health impact trial (Trial Registration: NCT02362932). Participants were recruited from the control arm of the trial (Traditional Latrine (TL) users) and intervention arm, which received one of two improved shared sanitation facilities ? Shared Latrines (SL) shared by up to 20 individuals and Community Sanitation Blocks (CSBs) shared by more than 20 individuals. Sampling was informed by a life stage perspective to reflect diversity in sanitation needs and experiences within the population. Data included 96 in-depth interviews, 7 focus group discussions, and 25 unstructured observations. Data collection and analysis followed a Grounded Theory approach, which was used to identify the key domains of sanitation-related stress among participants. A semi-structured tool was applied to all female interview transcripts to assess the frequency and severity of key stressors. Results: Participants reported stress due to: lack of safety; lack of privacy; disgust about the latrine condition; and collective action failure in terms of managing the latrine, often causing neighborhood conflict or unhygienic sanitation conditions. Fewer SL and CSB users reported specific stress domains and ? with the exception of perceived safety ? reported fewer severe stressors. The leading cause of stress reduction due to the intervention was decreased disgust followed by increased privacy and safety. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ?improved?, shared facilities can reduce stress when proper maintenance and management systems are in place. Private, shared sanitation only had limited impact on users? perceptions of safety, particularly at night, suggesting that safety concerns extend beyond the physical latrine structure. Our research demonstrates that factors including latrine location and neighborhood violence are important determinants of safety perceptions and corresponding psychosocial stress. Twit Text FOAVip Shared latrines in Maputo, Mozambique: exploring emotional well-being and psychosocial stress ????BMC Int Health Hum Rights http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30045729 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30045729 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|30045729}}</ref> Shared latrines in Maputo, Mozambique: exploring emotional well-being and psychosocial stress #MMPMID30045729 Shiras T; Cumming O; Brown J; Muneme B; Nala R; Dreibelbis R BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2018[]; 18 (ä): ä PMID30045729show ga Background: Approximately 18% of Sub-Saharan Africa?s urban population relies on shared sanitation facilities, which are shared by one or more households. While there is growing recognition of sanitation?s relationship with stress and well-being ? particularly among women ? most research has focused on rural populations and the transition from open defecation and/or unimproved latrines to private shared sanitation. This study explores sanitation-related stressors among users of both improved and unimproved shared sanitation facilities. Methods: This study was nested within the larger MapSan health impact trial (Trial Registration: NCT02362932). Participants were recruited from the control arm of the trial (Traditional Latrine (TL) users) and intervention arm, which received one of two improved shared sanitation facilities ? Shared Latrines (SL) shared by up to 20 individuals and Community Sanitation Blocks (CSBs) shared by more than 20 individuals. Sampling was informed by a life stage perspective to reflect diversity in sanitation needs and experiences within the population. Data included 96 in-depth interviews, 7 focus group discussions, and 25 unstructured observations. Data collection and analysis followed a Grounded Theory approach, which was used to identify the key domains of sanitation-related stress among participants. A semi-structured tool was applied to all female interview transcripts to assess the frequency and severity of key stressors. Results: Participants reported stress due to: lack of safety; lack of privacy; disgust about the latrine condition; and collective action failure in terms of managing the latrine, often causing neighborhood conflict or unhygienic sanitation conditions. Fewer SL and CSB users reported specific stress domains and ? with the exception of perceived safety ? reported fewer severe stressors. The leading cause of stress reduction due to the intervention was decreased disgust followed by increased privacy and safety. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ?improved?, shared facilities can reduce stress when proper maintenance and management systems are in place. Private, shared sanitation only had limited impact on users? perceptions of safety, particularly at night, suggesting that safety concerns extend beyond the physical latrine structure. Our research demonstrates that factors including latrine location and neighborhood violence are important determinants of safety perceptions and corresponding psychosocial stress. äShared latrines in Maputo, Mozambique: exploring emotional well-being (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing