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2018 ; 4
(ä): 6
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Activated platelets induce MLKL-driven neutrophil necroptosis and release of
neutrophil extracellular traps in venous thrombosis
#MMPMID30062055
Nakazawa D
; Desai J
; Steiger S
; Müller S
; Devarapu SK
; Mulay SR
; Iwakura T
; Anders HJ
Cell Death Discov
2018[]; 4
(ä): 6
PMID30062055
show ga
Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease, often manifesting as deep vein thrombosis or
pulmonary embolism, involves clot formation consisting of blood cells and
platelets locked in plasma protein and chromatin networks. The latter derives
from neutrophil extracellular traps released by dying neutrophils; however, the
molecular mechanisms of neutrophil death in VTE remains unknown. We speculated
that mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL)-driven neutrophil necroptosis contributes
to VTE. Indeed, human inferior venous cava thrombus material stained positive for
phosphorylated MLKL, the activated version of MLKL that executes necroptotic cell
death. In mice, MLKL immunostaining showed co-localization of MLKL with
citrullinated histone H3, a marker of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)
formation. These data provide indirect support for a role of MLKL-mediated
necroptosis. As a functional proof, both the stabilizer of receptor-interacting
protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) and necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1s as well as
genetic deficiency of MLKL partially prevented clot formation upon inferior vena
cava ligation in mice. In both experiments terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
dUTP nick-end labeling, RIPK3, and citrullinated histone H3+ areas were markedly
reduced within the remnant thrombus. In vitro, thrombin-activated platelets
induced cell death and NET formation in human neutrophils, which was inhibited by
necrostatin-1s treatment. Necrostatin-1s and necrosulfonamide also inhibited
neutrophil-platelet aggregate formation induced by tumor necrosis factor-? but
had no effect on platelet activation itself. We conclude that in VTE, activated
platelets, and possibly other triggers, induce neutrophil necroptosis, a process
contributing to clot formation by releasing chromatin in the extracellular space.