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Experimentally induced metamorphosis in highly regenerative axolotl (ambystoma
mexicanum) under constant diet restructures microbiota
#MMPMID30030457
Demircan T
; Ovezmyradov G
; Y?ld?r?m B
; Keskin ?
; ?lhan AE
; Fesçio?lu EC
; Öztürk G
; Y?ld?r?m S
Sci Rep
2018[Jul]; 8
(1
): 10974
PMID30030457
show ga
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered salamander species and a
model organism for regenerative and developmental biology. Despite life-long
neoteny in nature and in captive-bred colonies, metamorphosis of these animals
can be experimentally induced by administering Thyroid hormones (THs). However,
microbiological consequences of this experimental procedure, such as host
microbiota response, remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically compared
host bacterial microbiota associated with skin, stomach, gut tissues and fecal
samples, between neotenic and metamorphic axolotls based on 16S rRNA gene
sequences. Our results show that distinct bacterial communities inhabit
individual organs of axolotl and undergo substantial restructuring through
metamorphosis. Skin microbiota among others, shifted sharply, as highlighted by a
major transition from Firmicutes-enriched to Proteobacteria-enriched relative
abundance and precipitously decreased diversity. Fecal microbiota of neotenic and
metamorphic axolotl shared relatively higher similarity, suggesting that diet
continues to shape microbiota despite fundamental transformations in the host
digestive organs. We also reproduced the previous finding on reduction in
regenerative capacity in limbs of axolotl following metamorphosis, highlighting
the need to investigate whether shifts in microbiota is causally linked to
regenerative capacity of axolotl. The initial results on axolotl microbiota
provide novel insights into microbiological aspects of axolotl metamorphosis and
will establish a baseline for future in-depth studies.