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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 261.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 JNCI+Cancer+Spectr 2018 ; 2 (3): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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The Current Understanding of the Endocrine Effects From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Recommendations for Management #MMPMID30057972
Girotra M; Hansen A; Farooki A; Byun DJ; Min L; Creelan BC; Callahan MK; Atkins MB; Sharon E; Antonia SJ; West P; Gravell AE
JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018[Jul]; 2 (3): ä PMID30057972show ga
Clinical trials in the past decade have established the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibition as a revolutionary treatment for cancer. Namely, blocking antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death 1 or its ligand have reached routine clinical use. Manipulation of the immune system is not without side effects, and autoimmune toxicities often known as immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are observed. Endocrine IRAEs, such as hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, can present with unique profiles that are not seen with the use of traditional chemotherapeutics. In this Review, we discuss the current hypotheses regarding the mechanism of these endocrinopathies and their clinical presentations. Further, we suggest guidelines and algorithms for patient management and future clinical trials to optimize the detection and treatment of immune checkpoint?related endocrinopathies.