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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 J+Innate+Immun 2018 ; 10 (3): 215-27 Nephropedia Template TP
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Neuroinflammation in Response to Intracerebral Injections of Different HMGB1 Redox Isoforms #MMPMID29478057
Aucott H; Lundberg J; Salo H; Klevenvall L; Damberg P; Ottosson L; Andersson U; Holmin S; Erlandsson Harris H
J Innate Immun 2018[Jun]; 10 (3): 215-27 PMID29478057show ga
Background: Neuroinflammation triggered by infection or trauma is the cause of central nervous system dysfunction. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), released from stressed and dying brain cells, is a potent neuroinflammatory mediator. The proinflammatory functions of HMGB1 are tightly regulated by post-translational redox modifications, and we here investigated detailed neuroinflammatory responses induced by the individual redox isoforms. Methods: Male Dark Agouti rats received a stereotactic injection of saline, lipopolysaccharide, disulfide HMGB1, or fully reduced HMGB1, and were accessed for blood-brain barrier modifications using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and inflammatory responses by immunohistochemistry. Results and Conclusions: Significant blood-brain barrier disruption appeared 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide, disulfide HMGB1, or fully reduced HMGB1 compared to controls, as assessed in post-gadolinium T1-weighted MRI images and confirmed by increased uptake of FITC-conjugated dextran. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both HMGB1 isoforms also induced a local production of IL-1?. Additionally, disulfide HMGB1 increased major histocompatibility complex class II expression and apoptosis. Together, the results demonstrate that extracellular, cerebral HMGB1 causes significant blood-brain barrier disruption in a redox-independent manner and activates several components of neuroinflammation. Blocking HMGB1 might potentially improve clinical outcome in conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.