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10.1038/s41598-018-29128-9 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/s41598-018-29128-9 C6050230!6050230!30018364     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Sci+Rep 2018 ; 8 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=30018364|t=2018. Exosome-associated Shiga toxin 2 is released from cells and causes severe toxicity in mice |pdf=|usr=}}{{30018364}} gab.com Text Exosome-associated Shiga toxin 2 is released from cells and causes severe toxicity in mice JO: Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30018364 #FOAvip Shiga toxin (Stx), a major virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), is classified into two subgroups, Stx1 and Stx2. Clinical data clearly indicate that Stx2 is associated with more severe toxicity than Stx1, but the molecular mechanism underlying this difference is not fully understood. Here, we found that after being incorporated into target cells, Stx2, can be transported by recycling endosomes, as well as via the regular retrograde transport pathway. However, transport via recycling endosome did not occur with Stx1. We also found that Stx2 is actively released from cells in a receptor-recognizing B-subunit dependent manner. Part of the released Stx2 is associated with microvesicles, including exosome markers (referred to as exo-Stx2), whose origin is in the multivesicular bodies that formed from late/recycling endosomes. Finally, intravenous administration of exo-Stx2 to mice causes more lethality and tissue damage, especially severe renal dysfunction and tubular epithelial cell damage, compared to a free form of Stx2. Thus, the formation of exo-Stx2 might contribute to the severity of Stx2 in vivo, suggesting new therapeutic strategies against EHEC infections. Twit Text FOAVip Exosome-associated Shiga toxin 2 is released from cells and causes severe toxicity in mice ????Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30018364 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30018364 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|30018364}}</ref> Exosome-associated Shiga toxin 2 is released from cells and causes severe toxicity in mice #MMPMID30018364 Watanabe-Takahashi M; Yamasaki S; Murata M; Kano F; Motoyama J; Yamate J; Omi J; Sato W; Ukai H; Shimasaki K; Ikegawa M; Tamura-Nakano M; Yanoshita R; Nishino Y; Miyazawa A; Natori Y; Toyama-Sorimachi N; Nishikawa K Sci Rep 2018[]; 8 (ä): ä PMID30018364show ga Shiga toxin (Stx), a major virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), is classified into two subgroups, Stx1 and Stx2. Clinical data clearly indicate that Stx2 is associated with more severe toxicity than Stx1, but the molecular mechanism underlying this difference is not fully understood. Here, we found that after being incorporated into target cells, Stx2, can be transported by recycling endosomes, as well as via the regular retrograde transport pathway. However, transport via recycling endosome did not occur with Stx1. We also found that Stx2 is actively released from cells in a receptor-recognizing B-subunit dependent manner. Part of the released Stx2 is associated with microvesicles, including exosome markers (referred to as exo-Stx2), whose origin is in the multivesicular bodies that formed from late/recycling endosomes. Finally, intravenous administration of exo-Stx2 to mice causes more lethality and tissue damage, especially severe renal dysfunction and tubular epithelial cell damage, compared to a free form of Stx2. Thus, the formation of exo-Stx2 might contribute to the severity of Stx2 in vivo, suggesting new therapeutic strategies against EHEC infections. äExosome-associated Shiga toxin 2 is released from cells and causes sev(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing