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2018 ; 14
(4
): e1007033
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critical for dengue NS1-induced
endothelial glycocalyx degradation and hyperpermeability
#MMPMID29702687
Chen HR
; Chao CH
; Liu CC
; Ho TS
; Tsai HP
; Perng GC
; Lin YS
; Wang JR
; Yeh TM
PLoS Pathog
2018[Apr]; 14
(4
): e1007033
PMID29702687
show ga
Vascular leakage is one of the salient characteristics of severe dengue.
Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) can stimulate endothelial
cells to secrete endothelial hyperpermeability factor, macrophage migration
inhibitory factor (MIF), and the glycocalyx degradation factor heparanase 1
(HPA-1). However, it is unclear whether MIF is directly involved in NS1-induced
glycocalyx degradation. In this study, we observed that among NS1, MIF and
glycocalyx degradation-related molecules, the HPA-1, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)
and syndecan 1 (CD138) serum levels were all increased in dengue patients, and
only NS1 and MIF showed a positive correlation with the CD138 level in severe
patients. To further characterize and clarify the relationship between MIF and
CD138, we used recombinant NS1 to stimulate human cells in vitro and challenge
mice in vivo. Our tabulated results suggested that NS1 stimulation could induce
human endothelial cells to secrete HPA-1 and immune cells to secrete MMP-9,
resulting in endothelial glycocalyx degradation and hyperpermeability. Moreover,
HPA-1, MMP-9, and CD138 secretion after NS1 stimulation was blocked by MIF
inhibitors or antibodies both in vitro and in mice. Taken together, these results
suggest that MIF directly engages in dengue NS1-induced glycocalyx degradation
and that targeting MIF may represent a possible therapeutic approach for
preventing dengue-induced vascular leakage.