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2018 ; 4
(7
): eaas9184
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Phosphorylation of human TRM9L integrates multiple stress-signaling pathways for
tumor growth suppression
#MMPMID30009260
Gu C
; Ramos J
; Begley U
; Dedon PC
; Fu D
; Begley TJ
Sci Adv
2018[Jul]; 4
(7
): eaas9184
PMID30009260
show ga
The human transfer RNA methyltransferase 9-like gene (TRM9L, also known as
KIAA1456) encodes a negative regulator of tumor growth that is frequently
silenced in many forms of cancer. While TRM9L can inhibit tumor cell growth in
vivo, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor inhibition activity of TRM9L
are unknown. We show that oxidative stress induces the rapid and dose-dependent
phosphorylation of TRM9L within an intrinsically disordered domain that is
necessary for tumor growth suppression. Multiple serine residues are
hyperphosphorylated in response to oxidative stress. Using a chemical genetic
approach, we identified a key serine residue in TRM9L that undergoes
hyperphosphorylation downstream of the oxidative stress-activated MEK
(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated
kinase)-RSK (ribosomal protein S6 kinase) signaling cascade. Moreover, we found
that phosphorylated TRM9L interacts with the 14-3-3 family of proteins, providing
a link between oxidative stress and downstream cellular events involved in cell
cycle control and proliferation. Mutation of the serine residues required for
TRM9L hyperphosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding abolished the tumor inhibition
activity of TRM9L. Our results uncover TRM9L as a key downstream effector of the
ERK signaling pathway and elucidate a phospho-signaling regulatory mechanism
underlying the tumor inhibition activity of TRM9L.