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2018 ; 13
(7
): e0200452
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VEGFC/VEGFR3 axis mediates TGF?1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in
non-small cell lung cancer cells
#MMPMID29995950
Duan L
; Ye L
; Zhuang L
; Zou X
; Liu S
; Zhang Y
; Zhang L
; Jin C
; Huang Y
PLoS One
2018[]; 13
(7
): e0200452
PMID29995950
show ga
In the tumor progression, transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF?1) plays a critical
role in tumorigenesis as well as metastasis. It is known that high plasma level
of TGF?1 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is
correlated with poor prognostics. In addition, the generation of cancer stem-like
cells is associated with metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence, which
also lead to poor outcomes in NSCLC patients. However, it remains unclear how
TGF?1 promotes NSCLC cells to acquire stem-like properties and accelerate tumor
metastasis. In our study, we found that short term TGF?1 treatment resulted in a
significant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) morphological change in
TGF?1-sensitive NSCLC cells but not in insensitive cells. Western blotting
confirmed increased Vimentin and reduced E-Cadherin protein expression after
TGF?1 treatment in A549, NCI-H1993, and NCI-H358 cells. TGF?1 incubation
dramatically decreased in vitro cell proliferation and increased cell invasion in
TGF?1-sensitive NSCLC cells but not in NCI-H1975, NCI-H1650, and HCC827 cells.
Moreover, TGF?1 was able to enhance the mRNA expression of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2
and drastically increased anchorage-independent colony formation in
TGF?1-sensitive NSCLC cells, suggesting the acquisition of cancer stem-like
properties. Interestingly, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor
receptor 3 (VEGFR3) mRNA expression was significantly elevated in TGF?1-sensitive
NSCLC cells compared to insensitive cells. And TGF?1 was capable of inducing
VEGF-C gene expression. Pharmacological blocking TGF? type I receptor kinase
(ALK5) significantly inhibited TGF?1-induced VEGF-C expression. Silencing of ALK5
by siRNA also dramatically reduced TGF?1-induced VEGF-C expression in
TGF?1-sensitive NSCLC cells. Therefore, TGF?1 contributes for NSCLC metastasis
through promoting EMT, generation of high invasive cancer cells with stem-like
properties, and increasing VEGF-C expression. Blocking TGF? pathway is a
potential therapeutic target in human non-small cell lung cancer.