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10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00283.1 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00283.1 C6039978!6039978!30008481     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=30008481&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Bull+Am+Meteorol+Soc 2017 ; 98 (1): 69-78 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=30008481|t=2017. So, how much of the Earth?s surface is covered by rain gauges?|pdf=|usr=}}{{30008481}} gab.com Text So, how much of the Earth s surface is covered by rain gauges JO: Bull Am Meteorol Soc http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30008481 #FOAvip The measurement of global precipitation, both rainfall and snowfall, is critical to a wide range of users and applications. Rain gauges are indispensable in the measurement of precipitation, remaining the de facto standard for precipitation information across the Earth?s surface for hydro-meteorological purposes. However, their distribution across the globe is limited: over land their distribution and density is variable, while over oceans very few gauges exist and where measurements are made, they may not adequately reflect the rainfall amounts of the broader area. Critically, the number of gauges available, or appropriate for a particular study, varies greatly across the Earth due to temporal sampling resolutions, periods of operation, data latency and data access. Numbers of gauges range from a few thousand available in near real time, to about a hundred thousand for all ?official? gauges, and to possibly hundreds of thousands if all possible gauges are included. Gauges routinely used in the generation of global precipitation products cover an equivalent area of between about 250 m2 and 3,000 m2. For comparison, the center circle of a soccer pitch or tennis court is about 260 m2. Although each gauge should represent more than just the gauge orifice, auto-correlation distances of precipitation vary greatly with regime and the integration period. Assuming each Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) -available gauge is independent and represents a surrounding area of 5 km radius, this represents only about 1% of the Earth?s surface. The situation is further confounded for snowfall which has a greater measurement uncertainty. Twit Text FOAVip So, how much of the Earth s surface is covered by rain gauges ????Bull Am Meteorol Soc http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30008481 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30008481 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|30008481}}</ref> So, how much of the Earth?s surface is covered by rain gauges? #MMPMID30008481 Kidd C; Becker A; Huffman GJ; Muller CL; Joe P; Skofronick-Jackson G; Kirschbaum DB Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2017[Jan]; 98 (1): 69-78 PMID30008481show ga The measurement of global precipitation, both rainfall and snowfall, is critical to a wide range of users and applications. Rain gauges are indispensable in the measurement of precipitation, remaining the de facto standard for precipitation information across the Earth?s surface for hydro-meteorological purposes. However, their distribution across the globe is limited: over land their distribution and density is variable, while over oceans very few gauges exist and where measurements are made, they may not adequately reflect the rainfall amounts of the broader area. Critically, the number of gauges available, or appropriate for a particular study, varies greatly across the Earth due to temporal sampling resolutions, periods of operation, data latency and data access. Numbers of gauges range from a few thousand available in near real time, to about a hundred thousand for all ?official? gauges, and to possibly hundreds of thousands if all possible gauges are included. Gauges routinely used in the generation of global precipitation products cover an equivalent area of between about 250 m2 and 3,000 m2. For comparison, the center circle of a soccer pitch or tennis court is about 260 m2. Although each gauge should represent more than just the gauge orifice, auto-correlation distances of precipitation vary greatly with regime and the integration period. Assuming each Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) -available gauge is independent and represents a surrounding area of 5 km radius, this represents only about 1% of the Earth?s surface. The situation is further confounded for snowfall which has a greater measurement uncertainty. äSo, how much of the Earth?s surface is covered by rain gauges?(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing