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2018 ; 17
(1
): 101
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Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose
co-transporter 2 inhibitors
#MMPMID29991346
Lahnwong C
; Chattipakorn SC
; Chattipakorn N
Cardiovasc Diabetol
2018[Jul]; 17
(1
): 101
PMID29991346
show ga
Diabetes mellitus currently affects over 350 million patients worldwide and is
associated with many deaths from cardiovascular complications. Sodium-glucose
co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a novel class of antidiabetic drugs with
cardiovascular benefits beyond other antidiabetic drugs. In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME
trial, empagliflozin significantly decreases the mortality rate from
cardiovascular causes [38% relative risk reduction (RRR)], the mortality rate
from all-causes (32% RRR) and the rate of heart failure hospitalization (35% RRR)
in diabetic patients with established cardiovascular diseases. The possible
mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors are proposed to be systemic effects by
hemodynamic and metabolic actions. However, the direct mechanisms are not fully
understood. In this review, reports concerning the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors
in models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure and myocardial ischemia from
in vitro, in vivo as well as clinical reports are comprehensively summarized and
discussed. By current evidences, it may be concluded that the direct effects of
SGLT-2 inhibitors are potentially mediated through their ability to reduce
cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and
ionic dyshomeostasis.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Blood Glucose/*drug effects/metabolism
[MESH]
|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*drug therapy/mortality/physiopathology
[MESH]
|Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/blood/mortality/physiopathology/*prevention & control
[MESH]
|Heart Failure/blood/mortality/physiopathology/*prevention & control
[MESH]
|Heart/*drug effects/physiopathology
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
[MESH]
|Myocardium/metabolism/pathology
[MESH]
|Protective Factors
[MESH]
|Risk Factors
[MESH]
|Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
[MESH]