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2018 ; 16
(2
): 2579-2584
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Juglone suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells via
the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3?/Snail signaling pathway
#MMPMID30013652
Fang F
; Chen S
; Ma J
; Cui J
; Li Q
; Meng G
; Wang L
Oncol Lett
2018[Aug]; 16
(2
): 2579-2584
PMID30013652
show ga
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves an important role in the
metastasis of prostate cancer. Juglone is a natural compound isolated from plants
that is reported to possess potent cytotoxic properties. However, there are no
studies on the anti-EMT effect of juglone in prostate cancer, or its potential
underlying mechanisms of action. In the present study, the effect of juglone on
the EMT of prostate cancer cells was investigated. Transwell assays were used to
demonstrate that juglone inhibits the migration and invasion of the prostate
cancer (PC) LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell lines. Results from western blot analysis
demonstrated that juglone increases the expression of the epithelial marker
E-cadherin while decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and
Vimentin) in a dose-dependent manner. The data from the present study also
revealed that juglone downregulates the expression of Snail, a repressor of
E-cadherin and an inducer of EMT. Furthermore, juglone prevented inactivation of
glycogen synthase kinase-3? (GSK-3?), an endogenous inhibitor of Snail in a
dose-dependent manner. Lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3? inhibitor, prevented
juglone-mediated downregulation of Snail expression and upregulation of
E-cadherin. In addition, phosphorylation and subsequent activation of protein
kinase B (Akt), which is known to phosphorylate GSK-3? at serine 9 (Ser9),
leading to its inhibition, were significantly decreased by juglone in LNCaP and
LNCaP-AI cells. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
(PI3K)/Akt pathway by LY294002 augmented juglone-mediated GSK-3? activity by
inhibiting Ser9 phosphorylation. These findings indicated that juglone suppresses
EMT via the Akt/GSK-3?/Snail pathway, consequently decreasing the invasiveness of
PC cells.