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2018 ; 9
(ä): 1511
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Chronic Critical Illness and the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and
Catabolism Syndrome
#MMPMID30013565
Hawkins RB
; Raymond SL
; Stortz JA
; Horiguchi H
; Brakenridge SC
; Gardner A
; Efron PA
; Bihorac A
; Segal M
; Moore FA
; Moldawer LL
Front Immunol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 1511
PMID30013565
show ga
Dysregulated host immune responses to infection often occur, leading to sepsis,
multiple organ failure, and death. Some patients rapidly recover from sepsis, but
many develop chronic critical illness (CCI), a debilitating condition that
impacts functional outcomes and long-term survival. The "Persistent Inflammation,
Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome" (PICS) has been postulated as the
underlying pathophysiology of CCI. We propose that PICS is initiated by an early
genomic and cytokine storm in response to microbial invasion during the early
phase of sepsis. However, once source control, antimicrobial coverage, and
supportive therapies have been initiated, we propose that the persistent
inflammation in patients developing CCI is a result of ongoing endogenous alarmin
release from damaged organs and loss of muscle mass. This ongoing alarmin and
danger-associated molecular pattern signaling causes chronic inflammation and a
shift in bone marrow stem cell production toward myeloid cells, contributing to
chronic anemia and lymphopenia. We propose that therapeutic interventions must
target the chronic organ injury and lean tissue wasting that contribute to the
release of endogenous alarmins and the expansion and deposition of myeloid
progenitors that are responsible for the propagation and persistence of CCI.