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10.3390/ijms19061547 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/ijms19061547 C6032223!6032223!29789508     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Int+J+Mol+Sci 2018 ; 19 (6): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29789508|t=2018. Dual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte in AMPK-Dependent and Independent Manners |pdf=|usr=}}{{29789508}} gab.com Text Dual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte in AMPK-Dependent and Independent Manners JO: Int J Mol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29789508 #FOAvip Metformin has been reported to have body weight lowering effects while treating type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies examined the effects of metformin on adipogenesis in vitro, and available data are inconclusive and contradictory. In this study, we examined the effects of a variety of concentrations of metformin on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and found metformin exhibits a dual effect on adipogenesis. Metformin at lower concentrations (1.25?2.5 mM) significantly induced adipogenesis while at higher concentrations (5?10 mM) metformin significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The biphasic effect of different doses of metformin on adipogenesis was accompanied by increasing or decreasing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR?), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ? (C/EBP?), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Furthermore, only the higher concentrations of metformin induced the phosphorylation of adenosine 5?-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and Akt. Pretreatment with compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, significantly countered high concentration of metformin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the effect of metformin on adipocyte differentiation is biphasic and dose-dependent. Lower concentrations of metformin induce adipogenesis, which could be mediated in an AMPK-independent manner, while higher concentrations of metformin inhibit adipogenesis via AMPK activation. Twit Text FOAVip Dual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte in AMPK-Dependent and Independent Manners ????Int J Mol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29789508 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29789508 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29789508}}</ref> Dual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte in AMPK-Dependent and Independent Manners #MMPMID29789508 Chen D; Wang Y; Wu K; Wang X Int J Mol Sci 2018[Jun]; 19 (6): ä PMID29789508show ga Metformin has been reported to have body weight lowering effects while treating type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies examined the effects of metformin on adipogenesis in vitro, and available data are inconclusive and contradictory. In this study, we examined the effects of a variety of concentrations of metformin on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and found metformin exhibits a dual effect on adipogenesis. Metformin at lower concentrations (1.25?2.5 mM) significantly induced adipogenesis while at higher concentrations (5?10 mM) metformin significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The biphasic effect of different doses of metformin on adipogenesis was accompanied by increasing or decreasing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR?), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ? (C/EBP?), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Furthermore, only the higher concentrations of metformin induced the phosphorylation of adenosine 5?-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and Akt. Pretreatment with compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, significantly countered high concentration of metformin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the effect of metformin on adipocyte differentiation is biphasic and dose-dependent. Lower concentrations of metformin induce adipogenesis, which could be mediated in an AMPK-independent manner, while higher concentrations of metformin inhibit adipogenesis via AMPK activation. äDual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Prea(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing