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2018 ; 19
(6
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Signaling Crosstalk of TGF-?/ALK5 and PAR2/PAR1: A Complex Regulatory Network
Controlling Fibrosis and Cancer
#MMPMID29795022
Ungefroren H
; Gieseler F
; Kaufmann R
; Settmacher U
; Lehnert H
; Rauch BH
Int J Mol Sci
2018[May]; 19
(6
): ä PMID29795022
show ga
Both signaling by transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) and agonists of the G
Protein-coupled receptors proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and -2 (PAR2)
have been linked to tissue fibrosis and cancer. Intriguingly, TGF-? and PAR
signaling either converge on the regulation of certain matrix genes overexpressed
in these pathologies or display mutual regulation of their signaling components,
which is mediated in part through sphingosine kinases and sphingosine-1-phosphate
and indicative of an intimate signaling crosstalk between the two pathways. In
the first part of this review, we summarize the various regulatory interactions
that have been discovered so far according to the organ/tissue in which they were
described. In the second part, we highlight the types of signaling crosstalk
between TGF-? on the one hand and PAR2/PAR1 on the other hand. Both
ligand?receptor systems interact at various levels and by several mechanisms
including mutual regulation of ligand?ligand, ligand?receptor, and
receptor?receptor at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and receptor
transactivation levels. These mutual interactions between PAR2/PAR1 and TGF-?
signaling components eventually result in feed-forward loops/vicious cycles of
matrix deposition and malignant traits that exacerbate fibrosis and oncogenesis,
respectively. Given the crucial role of PAR2 and PAR1 in controlling TGF-?
receptor activation, signaling, TGF-? synthesis and bioactivation, combining PAR
inhibitors with TGF-? blocking agents may turn out to be more efficient than
targeting TGF-? alone in alleviating unwanted TGF-?-dependent responses but
retaining the beneficial ones.