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2018 ; 26
(4
): 389-398
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Melatonin Rescues Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Senescence Induced by the Uremic
Toxin p-Cresol via Inhibiting mTOR-Dependent Autophagy
#MMPMID28655071
Yun SP
; Han YS
; Lee JH
; Kim SM
; Lee SH
Biomol Ther (Seoul)
2018[Jul]; 26
(4
): 389-398
PMID28655071
show ga
p-Cresol, found at high concentrations in the serum of chronic kidney failure
patients, is known to cause cell senescence and other complications in different
parts of the body. p-Cresol is thought to mediate cytotoxic effects through the
induction of autophagy response. However, toxic effects of p-cresol on
mesenchymal stem cells have not been elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate
whether p-cresol induces senescence of mesenchymal stem cells, and whether
melatonin can ameliorate abnormal autophagy response caused by p-cresol. We found
that p-cresol concentration-dependently reduced proliferation of mesenchymal stem
cells. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented pro-senescence effects of p-cresol
on mesenchymal stem cells. We found that by inducing phosphorylation of Akt and
activating the Akt signaling pathway, melatonin enhanced catalase activity and
thereby inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by p-cresol
in mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately preventing abnormal activation of
autophagy. Furthermore, preincubation with melatonin counteracted other
pro-senescence changes caused by p-cresol, such as the increase in total
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase expression and decrease in the level of
phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin. Ultimately, we discovered that
melatonin restored the expression of senescence marker protein 30, which is
normally suppressed because of the induction of the autophagy pathway in chronic
kidney failure patients by p-cresol. Our findings suggest that stem cell
senescence in patients with chronic kidney failure could be potentially rescued
by the administration of melatonin, which grants this hormone a novel therapeutic
role.