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2018 ; 4
(ä): 37
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Cancer cell specific inhibition of Wnt/?-catenin signaling by forced
intracellular acidification
#MMPMID29977599
Melnik S
; Dvornikov D
; Müller-Decker K
; Depner S
; Stannek P
; Meister M
; Warth A
; Thomas M
; Muley T
; Risch A
; Plass C
; Klingmüller U
; Niehrs C
; Glinka A
Cell Discov
2018[]; 4
(ä): 37
PMID29977599
show ga
Use of the diabetes type II drug Metformin is associated with a moderately
lowered risk of cancer incidence in numerous tumor entities. Studying the
molecular changes associated with the tumor-suppressive action of Metformin we
found that the oncogene SOX4, which is upregulated in solid tumors and associated
with poor prognosis, was induced by Wnt/?-catenin signaling and blocked by
Metformin. Wnt signaling inhibition by Metformin was surprisingly specific for
cancer cells. Unraveling the underlying specificity, we identified Metformin and
other Mitochondrial Complex I (MCI) inhibitors as inducers of intracellular
acidification in cancer cells. We demonstrated that acidification triggers the
unfolded protein response to induce the global transcriptional repressor DDIT3,
known to block Wnt signaling. Moreover, our results suggest that intracellular
acidification universally inhibits Wnt signaling. Based on these findings, we
combined MCI inhibitors with H(+) ionophores, to escalate cancer cells into
intracellular hyper-acidification and ATP depletion. This treatment lowered
intracellular pH both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft tumor model, depleted
cellular ATP, blocked Wnt signaling, downregulated SOX4, and strongly decreased
stemness and viability of cancer cells. Importantly, the inhibition of Wnt
signaling occurred downstream of ?-catenin, encouraging applications in treatment
of cancers caused by APC and ?-catenin mutations.