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2018 ; 6
(2
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
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English Wikipedia
The Crosstalk of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Pathways with NF-?B: Complex
Mechanisms Relevant for Cancer, Inflammation and Infection
#MMPMID29772680
Schmitz ML
; Shaban MS
; Albert BV
; Gökçen A
; Kracht M
Biomedicines
2018[May]; 6
(2
): ä PMID29772680
show ga
Stressful conditions occuring during cancer, inflammation or infection activate
adaptive responses that are controlled by the unfolded protein response (UPR) and
the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-?B)
signaling pathway. These systems can be triggered by chemical compounds but also
by cytokines, toll-like receptor ligands, nucleic acids, lipids, bacteria and
viruses. Despite representing unique signaling cascades, new data indicate that
the UPR and NF-?B pathways converge within the nucleus through ten major
transcription factors (TFs), namely activating transcription factor (ATF)4, ATF3,
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) homologous protein (CHOP), X-box-binding
protein (XBP)1, ATF6? and the five NF-?B subunits. The combinatorial occupancy of
numerous genomic regions (enhancers and promoters) coordinates the
transcriptional activation or repression of hundreds of genes that collectively
determine the balance between metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes and the
extent of apoptosis and autophagy or repair of cell damage and survival. Here, we
also discuss results from genetic experiments and chemical activators of
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that suggest a link to the cytosolic inhibitor
of NF-?B (I?B)? degradation pathway. These data show that the UPR affects this
major control point of NF-?B activation through several mechanisms. Taken
together, available evidence indicates that the UPR and NF-?B interact at
multiple levels. This crosstalk provides ample opportunities to fine-tune
cellular stress responses and could also be exploited therapeutically in the
future.