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2018 ; 34
(13
): i52-i60
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Onto2Vec: joint vector-based representation of biological entities and their
ontology-based annotations
#MMPMID29949999
Smaili FZ
; Gao X
; Hoehndorf R
Bioinformatics
2018[Jul]; 34
(13
): i52-i60
PMID29949999
show ga
MOTIVATION: Biological knowledge is widely represented in the form of
ontology-based annotations: ontologies describe the phenomena assumed to exist
within a domain, and the annotations associate a (kind of) biological entity with
a set of phenomena within the domain. The structure and information contained in
ontologies and their annotations make them valuable for developing machine
learning, data analysis and knowledge extraction algorithms; notably, semantic
similarity is widely used to identify relations between biological entities, and
ontology-based annotations are frequently used as features in machine learning
applications. RESULTS: We propose the Onto2Vec method, an approach to learn
feature vectors for biological entities based on their annotations to biomedical
ontologies. Our method can be applied to a wide range of bioinformatics research
problems such as similarity-based prediction of interactions between proteins,
classification of interaction types using supervised learning, or clustering. To
evaluate Onto2Vec, we use the gene ontology (GO) and jointly produce dense vector
representations of proteins, the GO classes to which they are annotated, and the
axioms in GO that constrain these classes. First, we demonstrate that
Onto2Vec-generated feature vectors can significantly improve prediction of
protein-protein interactions in human and yeast. We then illustrate how Onto2Vec
representations provide the means for constructing data-driven, trainable
semantic similarity measures that can be used to identify particular relations
between proteins. Finally, we use an unsupervised clustering approach to identify
protein families based on their Enzyme Commission numbers. Our results
demonstrate that Onto2Vec can generate high quality feature vectors from
biological entities and ontologies. Onto2Vec has the potential to significantly
outperform the state-of-the-art in several predictive applications in which
ontologies are involved. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION:
https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/onto2vec. SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.