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2018 ; 18
(1
): 97
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A case series evaluating the impact of Hepatitis C eradication using direct
acting antivirals on primary biliary cholangitis-associated autoimmunity
#MMPMID29940867
Nguyen HH
; Khathlan A
; Fritzler MJ
; Swain MG
BMC Gastroenterol
2018[Jun]; 18
(1
): 97
PMID29940867
show ga
BACKGROUND: Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection has been commonly linked to
the development of autoimmunity, in part through activation of B cells. B cells
are also postulated to play a pathogenic role in the autoimmune liver disease
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC). Patients with concurrent PBC and HCV infection
carry an increased risk of more progressive disease, although the mechanism
underlying this effect is poorly understood. Utilizing a case series of patients
with concurrent PBC and HCV, the aim of this study was to evaluate for the
potential impact of HCV eradication upon autoimmunity/autoantibody production.
CASE PRESENTATION: A case series evaluating three patients with co-existing
PBC-HCV infection receiving non-interferon based HCV treatments with
direct-acting antivirals (DAA). One of three patient received Ursodeoxycholic
acid (UDCA; 13 mg/kg/day) during the treatment period. Sustained virological
response (SVR) to DAA's was assessed using a HCV Quantitative Nucleic Acid Test
(Abbott). Autoantibodies associated with autoimmune liver diseases (including
PBC) and liver biochemistry, were measured before, during and after DAA treatment
(Mitogen Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, Calgary, Canada). All patients achieved
an SVR, as determined by negative HCV RNA test 12 weeks post-DAA therapy. Titres
of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA-M2), anti- branched-chain 2-oxo-acid
dehydrogenase complex and 2-oxo glutarate dehydrogenase complex (anti-3E-BPO),
and anti- tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21/Ro52) remained
unchanged, despite successful HCV eradication. Two of the three patients
exhibited a transient decrease in some autoantibody titres during DAA treatment,
but these returned to baseline levels post-DAA therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Within the
limitations of a case series, our results suggest that HCV co-infection may not
be a significant driver of PBC-related autoimmunity/autoantibody production.
However, a larger n-value is required to truly assess for the effect of HCV
eradication on autoantibody production.