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Evolutionary Adaptation and Amyloid Formation: Does the Reduced Amyloidogenicity
and Cytotoxicity of Ursine Amylin Contribute to the Metabolic Adaption of Bears
and Polar Bears?
#MMPMID29955200
Akter R
; Abedini A
; Ridgway Z
; Zhang X
; Kleinberg J
; Schmidt AM
; Raleigh DP
Isr J Chem
2017[Jul]; 57
(7-8
): 750-761
PMID29955200
show ga
Much of our knowledge of diabetes is derived from studies of rodent models. An
alternative approach explores evolutionary solutions to physiological stress by
studying organisms that face challenging metabolic environments. Polar bears eat
an enormously lipid-rich diet without deleterious metabolic consequences. In
contrast, transgenic rodents expressing the human neuropancreatic polypeptide
hormone amylin develop hyperglycemia and extensive pancreatic islet amyloid when
fed a high fat diet. The process of islet amyloid formation by human amylin
contributes to ?-cell dysfunction and loss of ?-cell mass in type-2 diabetes. We
show that ursine amylin is considerably less amyloidogenic and less toxic to
?-cells than human amylin, consistent with the hypothesis that part of the
adaptation of bears to metabolic challenges might include protection from islet
amyloidosis-induced ?-cell toxicity. Ursine and human amylin differ at four
locations: H18R, S20G, F23L, and S29P. These are interesting from a biophysical
perspective since the S20G mutation accelerates amyloid formation but the H18R
slows it. An H18RS20G double mutant of human amylin behaves similarly to the H18R
mutant, indicating that the substitution at position 18 dominates the S20G
replacement. These data suggest one possible mechanism underpinning the
protection of bears against metabolic challenges and provide insight into the
design of soluble analogs of human amylin.