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Structural variations causing inherited peripheral neuropathies: A paradigm for
understanding genomic organization, chromatin interactions, and gene
dysregulation
#MMPMID29573232
Cutrupi AN
; Brewer MH
; Nicholson GA
; Kennerson ML
Mol Genet Genomic Med
2018[May]; 6
(3
): 422-433
PMID29573232
show ga
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a clinically and genetically
heterogeneous group of diseases affecting the motor and sensory peripheral
nerves. IPNs have benefited from gene discovery and genetic diagnosis using
next-generation sequencing with over 80 causative genes available for testing.
Despite this success, up to 50% of cases remain genetically unsolved. In the
absence of protein coding mutations, noncoding DNA or structural variation (SV)
mutations are a possible explanation. The most common IPN, Charcot-Marie-Tooth
neuropathy type 1A (CMT1A), is caused by a 1.5 Mb duplication causing trisomy of
the dosage sensitive gene PMP22. Using genome sequencing, we recently identified
two large genomic rearrangements causing IPN subtypes X-linked CMT (CMTX3) and
distal hereditary motor neuropathy (DHMN1), thereby expanding the spectrum of SV
mutations causing IPN. Understanding how newly discovered SVs can cause IPN may
serve as a useful paradigm to examine the role of topologically associated
domains (TADs), chromatin interactions, and gene dysregulation in disease. This
review will describe the growing role of SV in the pathogenesis of IPN and the
importance of considering this type of mutation in Mendelian diseases where
protein coding mutations cannot be identified.
|Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics
[MESH]
|Chromatin
[MESH]
|Chromosome Mapping
[MESH]
|Gene Dosage/genetics
[MESH]
|Genome
[MESH]
|Genomic Structural Variation/genetics
[MESH]
|Genomics
[MESH]
|Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy/genetics
[MESH]
|High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*genetics/*physiopathology
[MESH]