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The pancreatic cancer microenvironment: A True Double Agent #MMPMID28605029
Melstrom L; Salazar MD; Diamond DJ
J Surg Oncol 2017[Jul]; 116 (1): 7-15 PMID28605029show ga
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is a complex balance of pro- and anti-tumor components. The dense desmoplasia consists of immune cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, cytokines, and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) or pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). There are a multitude of targets including hyaluronan, angiogenesis, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), CD40, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR-4), immunotherapy and Vitamin D. The developing clinical therapeutics will be reviewed.