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10.1080/17512433.2018.1378095 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1080/17512433.2018.1378095 C5979269!5979269 !28905671     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=28905671 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Microbiota-derived uremic retention solutes: perpetrators of altered nonrenal drug clearance in kidney disease |pdf=|usr=}}{{28905671 }} gab.com Text Microbiota-derived uremic retention solutes: perpetrators of altered nonrenal drug clearance in kidney disease JO: Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28905671 #FOAvip Scientific interest in the gut microbiota is increasing due to improved understanding of its implications in human health and disease. In patients with kidney disease, gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins directly contribute to altered nonrenal drug clearance. Microbial imbalances, known as dysbiosis, potentially increase formation of microbiota-derived toxins, and diminished renal clearance leads to toxin accumulation. High concentrations of microbiota-derived toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate perpetrate interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, which provides a mechanistic link between increases in drug-related adverse events and dysbiosis in kidney disease. Areas covered: This review summarizes the effects of microbiota-derived uremic toxins on hepatic phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Research articles that tested individual toxins were included. Therapeutic strategies to target microbial toxins are also discussed. Expert commentary: Large interindividual variability in toxin concentrations may explain some differences in nonrenal clearance of medications. Advances in human microbiome research provide unique opportunities to systematically evaluate the impact of individual and combined microbial toxins on drug metabolism and transport, and to explore microbiota-derived uremic toxins as potential therapeutic targets. Twit Text FOAVip Microbiota-derived uremic retention solutes: perpetrators of altered nonrenal drug clearance in kidney disease ????Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28905671 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28905671 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28905671 }}</ref> Microbiota-derived uremic retention solutes: perpetrators of altered nonrenal drug clearance in kidney disease #MMPMID28905671 Prokopienko AJ ; Nolin TD Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018[Jan]; 11 (1 ): 71-82 PMID28905671 show ga Scientific interest in the gut microbiota is increasing due to improved understanding of its implications in human health and disease. In patients with kidney disease, gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins directly contribute to altered nonrenal drug clearance. Microbial imbalances, known as dysbiosis, potentially increase formation of microbiota-derived toxins, and diminished renal clearance leads to toxin accumulation. High concentrations of microbiota-derived toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate perpetrate interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, which provides a mechanistic link between increases in drug-related adverse events and dysbiosis in kidney disease. Areas covered: This review summarizes the effects of microbiota-derived uremic toxins on hepatic phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Research articles that tested individual toxins were included. Therapeutic strategies to target microbial toxins are also discussed. Expert commentary: Large interindividual variability in toxin concentrations may explain some differences in nonrenal clearance of medications. Advances in human microbiome research provide unique opportunities to systematically evaluate the impact of individual and combined microbial toxins on drug metabolism and transport, and to explore microbiota-derived uremic toxins as potential therapeutic targets. |Animals [MESH] |Cresols/metabolism [MESH] |Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/metabolism [MESH] |Dysbiosis/complications [MESH] |Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Indican/metabolism [MESH] |Kidney Diseases/*physiopathology [MESH] |Liver/enzymology/metabolism [MESH] |Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism [MESH] |Sulfuric Acid Esters/metabolism [MESH]Microbiota-derived uremic retention solutes: perpetrators of altered n(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing