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2018 ; 2
(10
): 1089-1100
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Role of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in pathogen-mediated intracellular iron
sequestration in human phagocytic cells
#MMPMID29764842
Abreu R
; Quinn F
; Giri PK
Blood Adv
2018[May]; 2
(10
): 1089-1100
PMID29764842
show ga
Upon infection, pathogen and host compete for the same iron pool, because this
trace metal is a crucial micronutrient for all living cells. Iron dysregulation
in the host is strongly associated with poor outcomes in several infectious
diseases, including tuberculosis, AIDS, and malaria, and inefficient iron
scavenging by pathogens severely affects their virulence. Hepcidin is the master
regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates, responsible for diminishing iron
export from macrophages during iron overload or infection. Hepcidin regulation in
hepatocytes is well characterized and mostly dependent on interleukin-6 signaling
during inflammation, although in myeloid cells, hepcidin induction and the
mechanisms leading to intracellular iron regulation remain elusive. Here we show
that activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by their respective
ligands leads to increased iron sequestration in macrophages. By measuring the
transcriptional levels of iron-related proteins (eg, hepcidin, ferroportin, and
ferritin), we observed that TLR signaling can induce intracellular iron
sequestration in macrophages through 2 independent but redundant mechanisms.
Interestingly, TLR2 ligands or infection with Listeria monocytogenes lead to
direct ferroportin transcriptional downregulation, whereas TLR4 ligands, such as
lipopolysaccharide, induce hepcidin expression. Infection with Mycobacterium
bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin promotes intracellular iron sequestration through
both hepcidin upregulation and ferroportin downregulation. This is the first
study in which TLR1-9-mediated iron homeostasis in human macrophages was
evaluated, and the outcome of this study elucidates the mechanism of iron
dysregulation in macrophages during infection.