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10.2147/JAA.S160607 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.2147/JAA.S160607 C5957064!5957064!29785128     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Asthma+Allergy 2018 ; 11 (ä): 89-99 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29785128|t=2018. Methacholine challenge testing: comparative pharmacology |pdf=|usr=}}{{29785128}} gab.com Text Methacholine challenge testing: comparative pharmacology JO: J Asthma Allergy http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29785128 #FOAvip Standardization of the methacholine inhalation challenge, the most common direct bronchoprovocation test, is important. One aspect of standardization is the appropriate washout period for pharmacologic agents which affect the response. This review summarizes the available data on pharmacologic inhibition of the methacholine response. Specific (anti-muscarinic) agents demonstrate marked bronchoprotection (up to 7 days for the long-acting drugs) which lasts longer than the duration of bronchodilation. The functional antagonist (beta 2 agonist class of medications) shows marked, but less, bronchoprotection which is relatively short lived and is similar to the duration of bronchodilator efficacy. Tolerance develops quickly, especially to the long-acting agents. Single doses of controller medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and leukotriene receptor antagonists, have no effect on the methacholine test, while regular use, at least for ICS, has a modest protective effect whose duration is uncertain and likely variable. Theophylline has a small effect and H1 blockers (all generations) have a negligible effect. Twit Text FOAVip Methacholine challenge testing: comparative pharmacology ????J Asthma Allergy http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29785128 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29785128 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29785128}}</ref> Methacholine challenge testing: comparative pharmacology #MMPMID29785128 Davis BE; Blais CM; Cockcroft DW J Asthma Allergy 2018[]; 11 (ä): 89-99 PMID29785128show ga Standardization of the methacholine inhalation challenge, the most common direct bronchoprovocation test, is important. One aspect of standardization is the appropriate washout period for pharmacologic agents which affect the response. This review summarizes the available data on pharmacologic inhibition of the methacholine response. Specific (anti-muscarinic) agents demonstrate marked bronchoprotection (up to 7 days for the long-acting drugs) which lasts longer than the duration of bronchodilation. The functional antagonist (beta 2 agonist class of medications) shows marked, but less, bronchoprotection which is relatively short lived and is similar to the duration of bronchodilator efficacy. Tolerance develops quickly, especially to the long-acting agents. Single doses of controller medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and leukotriene receptor antagonists, have no effect on the methacholine test, while regular use, at least for ICS, has a modest protective effect whose duration is uncertain and likely variable. Theophylline has a small effect and H1 blockers (all generations) have a negligible effect. äMethacholine challenge testing: comparative pharmacology (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing