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10.1038/s41467-018-04273-x http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/s41467-018-04273-x C5956068!5956068!29769532     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Nat+Commun 2018 ; 9 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29769532|t=2018. AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediators in invertebrates |pdf=|usr=}}{{29769532}} gab.com Text AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediators in invertebrates JO: Nat Commun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29769532 #FOAvip In the course of both innate and adaptive immunity, cytidine deaminases within the activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID)/apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC) family modulate immune responses by mutating specific nucleic acid sequences of hosts and pathogens. The evolutionary emergence of these mediators, however, seems to coincide precisely with the emergence of adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Here, we show a family of genes in species within two divergent invertebrate phyla?the echinoderm Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the brachiopod Lingula anatina?that encode proteins with similarities in amino acid sequence and enzymatic activities to the vertebrate AID/APOBECs. The expression of these invertebrate factors is enriched in tissues undergoing constant, direct interactions with microbes and can be induced upon pathogen challenge. Our findings suggest that AID/APOBEC proteins, and their function in immunity, emerged far earlier than previously thought. Thus, cytidine deamination is probably an ancient innate immune mechanism that predates the protostome/deuterostome divergence. Twit Text FOAVip AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediators in invertebrates ????Nat Commun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29769532 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29769532 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29769532}}</ref> AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediators in invertebrates #MMPMID29769532 Liu MC; Liao WY; Buckley KM; Yang SY; Rast JP; Fugmann SD Nat Commun 2018[]; 9 (ä): ä PMID29769532show ga In the course of both innate and adaptive immunity, cytidine deaminases within the activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID)/apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC) family modulate immune responses by mutating specific nucleic acid sequences of hosts and pathogens. The evolutionary emergence of these mediators, however, seems to coincide precisely with the emergence of adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Here, we show a family of genes in species within two divergent invertebrate phyla?the echinoderm Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the brachiopod Lingula anatina?that encode proteins with similarities in amino acid sequence and enzymatic activities to the vertebrate AID/APOBECs. The expression of these invertebrate factors is enriched in tissues undergoing constant, direct interactions with microbes and can be induced upon pathogen challenge. Our findings suggest that AID/APOBEC proteins, and their function in immunity, emerged far earlier than previously thought. Thus, cytidine deamination is probably an ancient innate immune mechanism that predates the protostome/deuterostome divergence. äAID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediator(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing