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10.1038/s41598-018-25943-2 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/s41598-018-25943-2 C5955991!5955991!29769566     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Sci+Rep 2018 ; 8 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29769566|t=2018. Antiretroviral Drugs Alter the Content of Extracellular Vesicles from HIV-1-Infected Cells |pdf=|usr=}}{{29769566}} gab.com Text Antiretroviral Drugs Alter the Content of Extracellular Vesicles from HIV-1-Infected Cells JO: Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29769566 #FOAvip To date, the most effective treatment of HIV-1 is a combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which reduces viral replication and reverses pathology. We investigated the effect of cART (RT and protease inhibitors) on the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from HIV-1-infected cells. We have previously shown that EVs contain non-coding HIV-1 RNA, which can elicit responses in recipient cells. In this manuscript, we show that TAR RNA levels demonstrate little change with the addition of cART treatment in cell lines, primary macrophages, and patient biofluids. We determined possible mechanisms involved in the selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA into EVs, specifically an increase in EV-associated hnRNP A2/B1. More recent experiments have shown that several other FDA-approved drugs have the ability to alter the content of exosomes released from HIV-1-infected cells. These findings on cART-altered EV content can also be applied to general viral inhibitors (interferons) which are used to treat other chronic infections. Additionally, we describe unique mechanisms of ESCRT pathway manipulation by antivirals, specifically the targeting of VPS4. Collectively, these data imply that, despite antiretroviral therapy, EVs containing viral products are continually released and may cause neurocognitive and immunological dysfunction. Twit Text FOAVip Antiretroviral Drugs Alter the Content of Extracellular Vesicles from HIV-1-Infected Cells ????Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29769566 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29769566 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29769566}}</ref> Antiretroviral Drugs Alter the Content of Extracellular Vesicles from HIV-1-Infected Cells #MMPMID29769566 DeMarino C; Pleet ML; Cowen M; Barclay RA; Akpamagbo Y; Erickson J; Ndembi N; Charurat M; Jumare J; Bwala S; Alabi P; Hogan M; Gupta A; Noren Hooten N; Evans MK; Lepene B; Zhou W; Caputi M; Romerio F; Royal W; El-Hage N; Liotta LA; Kashanchi F Sci Rep 2018[]; 8 (ä): ä PMID29769566show ga To date, the most effective treatment of HIV-1 is a combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which reduces viral replication and reverses pathology. We investigated the effect of cART (RT and protease inhibitors) on the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from HIV-1-infected cells. We have previously shown that EVs contain non-coding HIV-1 RNA, which can elicit responses in recipient cells. In this manuscript, we show that TAR RNA levels demonstrate little change with the addition of cART treatment in cell lines, primary macrophages, and patient biofluids. We determined possible mechanisms involved in the selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA into EVs, specifically an increase in EV-associated hnRNP A2/B1. More recent experiments have shown that several other FDA-approved drugs have the ability to alter the content of exosomes released from HIV-1-infected cells. These findings on cART-altered EV content can also be applied to general viral inhibitors (interferons) which are used to treat other chronic infections. Additionally, we describe unique mechanisms of ESCRT pathway manipulation by antivirals, specifically the targeting of VPS4. Collectively, these data imply that, despite antiretroviral therapy, EVs containing viral products are continually released and may cause neurocognitive and immunological dysfunction. äAntiretroviral Drugs Alter the Content of Extracellular Vesicles from (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing